REPORTED SPEECH & CAUSATIVE

REPORTED SPEECH

• Definition Reported Speech

Report speech is sentences that used to report what other people’s said in our sentence.

1. Direct Speech and Indirect Speech

Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
Do you have a little time?	She asked me if I had a little time.
Have you heard the news?	He wanted to know whether I had heard the news.
Will I receive the packet tomorrow?	He asked if he would receive the packet the following day.
I have to return the book two days ago.	She said that she had to return the book two days earlier.
I am not hungry now.	She said that she was not hungry at that time.

2. Yes or No Question

• Does Donny fetch Nina every morning?
• Did you practice dancing last Saturday? 
• Have the police just caught the criminal? 
• Should the nurse inject the patient every 5 hours? 
• Are Komodo reptiles? 
• Do Komodo eat all creatures having flesh? 
• Did Claudia send the letter last week? 
• Does the drive take you to school every morning? 
• Will she be cooking cakes? 
• Is she Allison’s sister?

3. Question Word 

• Who is the boy? 
• What day is it today? 
• When did you leave Bali? 
• Where do you live? 
• Why did not you buy the dress? 
• Where do you plan to spend the holiday? 
• Who hit my father? 
• Who give you this money? 
• Why do you say that? 
• Which color do you want?

4. Imperative 

• Do not step on the grass. 
• Shut up the window! 
• Please reconsider my job application. 
• Let me alone, please. 
• Add a glass of coconut milk into a pan and then boil it. 
• Go straight ahead then turn left. 
• Switch off the light! 
• Please do not open the next page. 
• Do not touch my computer! 
• Please open the door!
  
  CAUSATIVE

Definition Causative

Causative word is verb that show someone commanding to other people, to do something.

• Causative Word

1. Have

• Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient's temperature. 
• Please have your secretary fax me the information. 
• I had the mechanic check the brakes. 
• Lala had her friend take her result test. 
• The student had the teacher speak slowly. 
• I had my house renovated last week. 
• He had his book returned as soon as possible. 
• John had Susan rake the leaves. 
• I will have Rudy paint my room tomorrow. 
• Susi has had her sister buy a tin of candy.

2. Let

• John let me drive his new car. 
• Will your parents let you go to the party? 
• I don't know if my boss will let me take the day off. 
• My father lets me choose my own future carrier. 
• The shepherd lets his sheep graze in the meadow. 
• John let me drive his new car. 
• You let me join your party. 
• He will the car cool. 
• You let Nazeer borrow your pen. 
• Robert will let the car cool.

 3. Make

• My teacher made me apologize for what I had said. 
• Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat? 
• She made her children do their homework. 
• The woman made her daughter eat up the tomatoes. 
• The manager makes her staff work hard. 
• John made Susan rake the leaves. 
• She made her children do their homework. 
• His father made him wash the car. 
• She made her husband help her clean the kitchen. 
• The government made the company pay a large fine because it did something illegal.

4. Get

• Susie got her son to take the medicine even though it tasted terrible. 
• How can parents get their children to read more? 
• The government TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking. 
• She got her parents to buy her a tennis racket. 
• The boy got his cat to chase a mouse. 
• Teddy got the money saved in the bank. 
• Yulia got her bedroom cleaned. 
• John got Susan to rake the leaves. 
• She gets her mother to cook some food. 
• They get the children to clean the house.

5. Want

• I want you to understand me. 
• I’m made to build it you are wanted to understand me.

6. Ask

• I ask my daughter to eat. 
• My daughter  is asked to eat.

PAST & PRESENT PARTICIPLE

PAST AND PRESENT PARTICIPLE

• PAST PARTICIPLE (PASSIVE)

FORM:

REGULAR VERBS: INFINITIVE + -ED/-D

IRREGULAR VERBS: FOLLOW THE RULES

USE:

1. AS AN ADJECTIVE

• The written memo on my door is from him.

• Bored student wanted the time to run fast.

2. TO FORM THE PERFECT TENSE

• I had bought a cake before he arrived.

• He has written a letter for his girlfriend.

• My mother had cooked before she went to her office.

• He ran away after he had stolen my car.

3. TO FORM PASSIVE VOICE

• The song that sung by the girl is not esay to remember.

• He is loved by her close fiends.

• His wallet had been stolen.

• The foods which are cooked by my mother are delicious.

 

• PRESENT PARTICIPLE (ACTIVE)

FORM:

The infinitive + -ING

USE:

1. TO FORM THE CONTINUOS TENSES

• You have been crying for an hour.

• She is studying at the library right now.

• She is preparing the material for tomorrow.

2. AS ADJECTIVE

• It was an interesting advertisement.

• She has an exciting story.

• He is a smoking man.

• The sitting girl is my close friend.

3. AFTER VERB OF MOVEMENT

• He ran jumping into the river.

• He came looking for me.

• She walked crossing the street.

Negative Inversion

Negative Inversion / Negative Inverted Construction

•   Never

1. Never does he reads a novel.
2. Never do I play football on Sundays.
3. Never have I just finished my work.
4. Never has he met such a beautiful car.
5. Never have we submitted the job be on time.

• Seldom

1. Seldom does she rides a horse.
2. Seldom does he climbs a mountain.
3. Seldom are we waiting for the bus.
4. Seldom have we met such a weird person.
5. Seldom has he studied the lesson.

• Only once

1. Only once have I exposed to smallpox.
2. Only once has she met the boys.
3. Only once have we reached the peak when the sun rises.
4. Only once has Jordan finished the job.
5. Only once do I sleep with my own father

• Rarely

1. Rarely does she goes to college with her friends.
2. Rarely has he studied English.
3. Rarely have we bought the book.
4. Rarely have I walked in the street.
5. Rarely do they used the shoes.